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A Comparison of the Psychological Characteristics of Anxiety Disorder Patients with and without Panic Disorder -Focusing on MMPI and Rorschach Responses-

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological differences in between panic disorder and non-panic anxiety disorder patients and to explore more effective ways of treating patients with panic disorder. The MMPI and the Rorschach test were administered to 77 patients with panic disorders and 72 patients with non-panic anxiety disorders. The Rorschach was administered, scored and analyzed in accordance with the Comprehensive System developed by Exner(1993). Rorschach variables were classified in terms of five clusters(Capacity for Control and Stress Tolerance, Cognition, Affect, Self-perception, Interpersonal Perception). Various additional qualitative features were also analyzed. The results showed that the two groups of patients shared a similar pattern of self-recognition of symptoms, both groups were weak in managing resources and modulating affect, and each group demonstrated negative self- perceptions. However, some interesting differences emerged in the thought contents, thought processes, and coping strategies of the two groups. Firstly, patients in the panic disorder group showed higher stress due to affective constraints, efforts in cognitive control, and the poor management of resources. Secondly, while patients with non-panic anxiety disorders exhibited greater levels of social anxiety, patients with panic disorder displayed more negative ideas about their physical functioning. This finding illustrates an important point of contrast between the two groups. The non-panic anxiety patients held negative cognitions about their social functioning, but, for the panic disorder patients, the loss of objectivity occurred in relation to their catastrophic and unrealistic cognitions about their physical functioning. A logistic regression analysis indicated that self-awareness of symptoms, negative self-perception, and focusing on physical symptoms were important features discriminating between the two groups. These findings suggest that therapy for panic disorder patients could be more effective if patients are encouraged to adopt a more realistic set of beliefs and can be made more aware of their defensiveness, affective constraint, and excessive focus on physical symptoms.

keywords
공황장애, 불안장애, MMPI, 로르샤하 검사, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, MMPI, Rorschach test, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, MMPI, Rorschach test

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