E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA) was developed to measure the acculturation of immigrants settling in Canada. The purpose of the current study was to develope and validate a Korean version of the VIA, in order to measure the acculturation of defectors from North Korea who settle in South Korea. Data were collected from 70 North Korea adolescent defectors. Reliability, assessed by Cronbach' α, was .63, .80, .82 for the full scale, the North Korea acculturation subscale and the South Korea acculturation subscale, respectively, which confirm the Korean VIA's reliability. Item refinement resulted in a 16-item version of the North Korea defector acculturation scale because 4 items showing an item-subscale correlation lower than .40 were eliminated. A two factor structure model exhibited a reasonable fit on the basis of overall fitness criteria (CFI = .865, TLI = .830, RMSEA = .080) acquired by using the confirmatory factor analysis. The Korean version of the VIA showed a statistically significant correlation with acculturation-related variables, North Korea defectors' acculturation strategy type and belonging to North Korea results. However, the Korean VIA did not show a significant correlation with self efficacy, which confirm discriminant validity. These results suggest satisfactory construct validity. Finally, criterion validity was supported by using the group that had a South Korea public school education and group that didn't. Limitations and implications of this study were discussed.
금명자, 권해수, 이희우 (2004). 탈북청소년의 문화적응과정 이해. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 16(2), 295-308
김계수 (2004). AMOS 구조방정식 모형분석. 서울. 데이터솔루션.
김성회, 김현아 (2005). 새터민의 상담에 대한 요구도와 도움요청 장애요인에 관한 연구. 상담학연구, 6, 693-712
김연희 (2005). 북한이탈주민의 정신보건에 관한 연구: 스트레스 과정이론의 적용. 박사학위논문, 서울대학교.
이혜선 (1995). 인지적 평가와 자기 효능감에 관한 연구. 석사학위논문, 고려대학교
윤여상 (2006). 새터민 정신건강 통합지원시스템 구축. 통일부 정책연구.
윤여상, 김현아, 한선영 (2007). 북한이탈주민의 외상 후 스트레스 증상 척도개발 및 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 19(3), 693-718.
정진경, 양계민 (2004). 문화적응이론의 전개와 현황. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 23(1), 101 -136.
채정민, 한성렬, 허태균, 김동직 (2002). 북한이탈주민용 문화적응 책략척도 개발. 한국 사회 및 성격심리학회 2002년 동계학술대회, 85-94.
채정민 (2004). 북한이탈주민의 남한내 심리적 문화적응 기제와 적응행태. 고려대학교 박사학위논문.
통일부 자료실 (2008). http://www.unikorea. go. kr에서 인출.
홍세희 (2000). 구조방정식의 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(2), 161-178.
Atkinson, D. R., Morton, G., & Sue, D. W. (1998). Counseling American minorities. San Francisco, CA: McGraw-Hill
Atkinson, D. R., Tompson, C. E., ＆ Grant, S. K. (1993). A three dimensional model for counseling racial-ethnic minorities. The Counseling Pychologist, 21, 257-277.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change, Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
Berry, J. W. (1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In A. Padilla(Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, models and new findings (pp.9-25). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Berry, J. W. (1992). Acculturation and adaptation in a new society. International Migration, 30, 69-85.
Berry, J. W. ＆ Sam, D. (1997). Acculturation and adaptation. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall & C. Kagitcibasi(Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Brown, M. W., Cudeck, R. (1989). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp.136-162). Newsbury Park, CA: Sage.
Cuellar, I., Harris, L. G., ＆ Jasso, R. (1980). An acculturation scale for Mexican American normal and clinical populations. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 2(3), 199-217.
Cuellar, I., Arnold, B., ＆ Maldonado, R. (1995). Acculturation rating scale for Mexican Americans-Ⅱ: A revision of the original ARSMA scale. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 17(3), 275-304.
Dion, K. L., & Dion, K. K. (1996). Chinese adaptation to foreign cultures. In M. H. Bond(Ed.), The handbook of Chinese psychology(pp. 457-478). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
Gordon, M. M. (1964). Assimilation In American life. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jeon, W. T., Hong, C. H., Lee, C. H., Kim, D, K., Han, M. Y., & Min, S. K. (2005). Correlation between traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder among North Korean defectors in South Korea. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(2), 147-154.
Magana, J. R., de la Rocha, O., Amsel, J., Magana, H. A., Fernandez, M. I., & Rulnick, S. (1996). Revisiting the dimensions of acculturation: Cultural theory and psychometric practice. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 18, 444-468.
Marin, G., ＆ Gamba, R. J. (1996). A new measurement of acculturation for Hispanics: Bidimensional acculturation scale for Hispanics (BAS). Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 18, 297-316.
Mavreas, R. R., Bebbington, P., & Der, G. (1989). The structure of and validity of acculturation: Analysis of an acculturation scale. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 24, 233-240.
Montgomery, G. T., Arnold, B., & Orozco, S. (1990). MMPI supplemental scale performance of Mexican Americans ans level of acculturation. Journal of Psychological Assessment, 54, 328-342.
Moyerman, D. R., & Forman, B. D. (1992). Acculturation and adjustment: A meta-analytic study. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 14, 163-200
Phinney, J. S. (1992). The Multigroup ethnic identity measure. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7(2), 156-176.
Redfiel, R. (1936). Memorandum for the study of acculturation. American Anthropologist, 38, 149-152.
Ryder, A. G., Alden, L. E., ＆ Paulhus, D. L. (2000). Is acculturation unidimensional of bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(1), 49-65.
Sherer, M., & Maddux, J. E. (1982). The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and validation, Psychological Reports, 51, 663-671.
Stephenson, M. (2000). Development and validation of the Stephenson multigroup acculturation scale(SMAS). Psychological Assessment, 12(1), 77-88.
Suinn, R. M., Khoo, G., & Ahuna, C. (1995). The Suinn-Lew Asian self identity acculturation scale: Cross-cultural information. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 23, 139-148.
Zea, M. C., Anser-Self, K. K., Birman, D., & Buki, L. P. (2003). The abbreviated multidimensional acculturation scale: empirical validation with two Latino/Latin samples. Cultural diversity and Ethnic minority Psychology, 9(2), 107-126.