E-ISSN : 2733-4538
The aim of this study is to explore the latent classes of ADHD in order to determine if the latent class structure of the ADHD subtypes found in western countries can be replicated in a sample of culturally different Korean children sample. Previous studies have shown inconsistency regarding hyperactive-impulsive subtypes: some studies have reported that there were no hyperactive-impulsive subtypes and others stated that there were indeed hyperactive-impulsive subtypes. Therefore, the present study sought the reasons for these discrepancies of the ADHD latent subgroups by classifying three different age groups using low, middle, and high age thresholds. The Korean version of the ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) was completed by 1732 mothers of children between the ages of 6 to 12 (904 boys and 828 girls) and who were attending elementary schools in the greater Seoul metropolitan area. Latent class analysis was applied to the 18 items of the K-ARS. LCA revealed a five-cluster ADHD model as the best fit with the non-symptomatic class and 4 ADHD classes for the children who were 6 to 7 years of age. The 4 ADHD classes can be grouped into three subtypes: 2 combined classes (Severe Combined or Mild Combined), 1 inattentive class, and 1 hyperactive-impulsive class. LCA also revealed the six-cluster ADHD models as the best fit with a non-symptomatic class and the 5 the ADHD classes as the best fit for children 8 to 10 and 11 to 12 years of age, respectively. The 5 ADHD classes can be grouped in two subtypes: 3 combined classes (Severe Combined, Moderate Combined or Mild Combined) and 2 inattentive classes (Severe Inattentive or Mild Inattentive) without a hyperactive-impulsive class. That is, the low age group was of the predominant hyperactive-impulsive class, but the middle and high age groups were not of the hyperactive-impulsive predominant class. In addition, no talkative-impulsive class emerged as a separate class in the present study, either. We also discuss the similarities and differences and their implications between the previous study and present study regarding the ADHD latent classes and comorbid problems.
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