바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

Primary and Secondary Psychopathic Traits and Unethical Decision Making: Mediating Effect of Moral Emotions and Moral Disengagement

Abstract

The aim of this study is to understand the psychological process of primary psychopath and secondary psychopath, which produce transgressions, on the basis of previous research suggesting that primary psychopath and secondary psychopath are different disorders. Regarding a hypothesized model, this research uses the path model, where moral emotions and moral disengagement work between primary and secondary psychopathic traits and unethical decision making. In addition, this research examines model fit of the hypothesized model and identifies direct and indirect effects between them. This research uses the Levenson’s Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, the Korean Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement Scale for Adults, moral emotions scenario scale, and unethical decision making scale for 647 students. In addition, mediating effects were examined through structural equation. The results were as follows. Regarding primary psychopathic traits, direct effects resulting in unethical decision making and indirect effects for moral emotions and moral disengagement were identified. Regarding secondary psychopathic traits, indirect effects fully meditated by moral disengagement were identified. Finally, the implications and limitations of the results of this study are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.

keywords
1차성 정신병질, 2차성 정신병질, 도덕적 정서, 도덕적 이탈, 비윤리적 의사결정, primary psychopathy, secondary psychopathy, morality, unethical decision making, moral emotions, moral disengagement

Reference

1.

Babiak, P., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D.(2010). Corporate psychopathy: Taking the walk. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28, 174-193.

2.

Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research and applications(Vol. 1, pp. 71-129), Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.

3.

Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the preparation of in humanities. Personal and Social Psychology Review, 3, 193-209.

4.

Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 364-374.

5.

Blackburn, R. (1996). Psychopathy and personality disorder: Implication of interpersonal theory. Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology, 24, 18-23.

6.

Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., & Sweitzer, V. L. (2008). Moral disengagement in ethical decision making: A study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 374-391.

7.

Edens, J. F., Buffington-Vollum, J. K., Colwell, K.W., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, J. (2002). Psychopathy and institutional misbehavior among incarcerated sex offenders: A comparison of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and the Personality Assessment Inventory. Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 1, 49-58.

8.

Ermer, E., & Kiehl, K. A. (2010). Psychopaths are impaired in social exchange and precautionary reasoning. Psychological Science. 21, 1399-1405.

9.

Falkenbach, D., Poythress, N., & Creevy, C.(2008). The exploration of subclinical psychopathic subtypes and the relationship with types of aggression. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 821-832.

10.

Gertsley, L., Alteman, A., McLellan, A., & Woody,G. (1990). Antisocial personality disorder in patients with substance abuse disorders: a problematic diagnosis? American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 173-178.

11.

Gini, G., Pozzoli, T., & Hauser, M. (2011). Bullies have enhanced moral competence to judge relative to victims, but lack moral compassion. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 603-608.

12.

Gini, G., Pozzoli, T., & Bussey, K. (2015). Moral Disengagement moderates the link between psychopathic traits and aggressive behavior among early adolescents. Merrill - palmer Quarterly, 61, 51-67.

13.

Greene, J. D. (2007). Why are VMPFC patients more utilitarian? a dual-process theory of moral judgment explains. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 322-323.

14.

Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.). Handbook of affective sciences, Oxford:Oxford University Press.

15.

Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.

16.

Hare, R. D. (1993). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster(pocket books). Paperback published in 1995. Reissued in 1999 by Guilford Press.

17.

Hicks, B. M., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., Krueger, R. F., & Newman, J. P. (2004). Identifying psychopathy subtypes on the basis of personality structure. Psychological Assessment, 16, 276–288.

18.

Hundt, N. E., Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2008). High BAS, but not low BIS, predicts externalizing symptoms in adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 565-575.

19.

Hyde, L. W., Shaw, D. S., & Moilanen, K. L. (2010). Developmental precursors of moral disengagement and the role of moral disengagement in the development of antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 197-209.

20.

Jeon, C. E., & Hyun, M. H. (2003). The effects of shame, guilt, and social support on PTSD in psychological abused women. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22, 763-776.

21.

Jones, T. M. (1991). Ethical decision making by individuals in organizations: An issuecontingent model. Academy of Management Review, 16, 366-395.

22.

Kernberg, O. (1975). Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson.

23.

Kim, T. H. (2013). A study in the characteristics and kinds of moral emotions. Journal of Moral & Ethics Education, 38, 81-98.

24.

Koenigs, M., Kruepke, M., Zeier, J., & Newman,J. P. (2012). Utilitarian moral judgment in psychopathy. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 708-714.

25.

Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research. Chicago: Rand McNally.

26.

Kosson, D., & Newman, J. (1995). An evaluation of Mealey’s hypotheses based on psychopathy checklist identified groups. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 18, 562-563.

27.

Koven, N. S. (2011). Specificity of meta-emotion effects on moral decision-making. Emotion, 11, 1255-1261.

28.

Kroll, J., & Egan, E. (2004). Psychiatry, moral worry and moral emotions. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 10, 352-360.

29.

Kwak, K. J., & Kim, Y. S. (2008). A review on the child and adolescent psychopathy: The developmental perspective. Korean Journal of Psychology: General, 27, 71-89.

30.

Lee, S. J., & Gong, J. K. (2007). Characteristic analysis of domestic homicidal behavior based on psychopathy. The Korean Association of Police Science Review, 13, 1-23.

31.

Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C.M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized population. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68, 151-158.

32.

Link, N. F., Scherer, S. E., & Byrne, P. N.(1977). Moral judgement and moral conduct in the psychopath. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 22, 341-346.

33.

Lykken, D. T. (1995). The antisocial personalities. New Jersey: Erlbaum.

34.

McHoskey, J., Worzel., W., & Szyarto, C. (1998). Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 192-210.

35.

Mealey, L. (1995). The sociobiology of sociopathy:An integrated evolutionary model. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 523-540.

36.

Meloy, J. (1988). The Psychopathic mind: Origins, dynamics, and treatment, New Jersey: Jason Aronson.

37.

Meloy, J., & Gacono, C. (1993). A borderline psychopath: “I was basically maladjusted”. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, 358-373.

38.

Miller, R. S. (1996). Embarrassment: Poise and peril in everyday life. New York: Guilford.

39.

Millon, T., Grossman, S., Millon, C., Meagher, S., & Ramnath, R. (2004). Personality disorders in modern life(2nd ed). New Jersey: John Wiley &Sons.

40.

Morey, L. C. (1991). The Personality Assessment Inventory: Professional manual. Florida:Psychological Assessment Resources.

41.

Park, J. S., Hyun, M. H., & You, J. M. (2010). A comparison of the characteristics of juvenile borderline personality disorder feature and juvenile psychopathic behavior feature. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 945-967.

42.

Raskin, R., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590.

43.

Rest, J. R. (1986). Moral development: Advances in research and theory. New York: Praeger.

44.

Reynolds, S. J. (2006). A Neurocognitive model of the ethical decision-making process:Implications for study and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 19, 737-748.

45.

Ryu, K., & Min, K. H. (2002). The development of moral emotions: shame and guilt. Psychological Science, 11, 53-69.

46.

Salekin, R. T., Trobst, K. K., & Krioukova, M.(2001). Construct validity of psychopathy in a community sample: A nomological net approach. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 425-441.

47.

Shim, J. O., & Lee, Y. H. (2000). The effects of shame-proneness, guilt-proneness and event attribution on depression. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19, 485-499,

48.

Skeem, J. L., Poythress, N., Edens, J. F., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Cale, E. M. (2003). Psychopathic personality or personalities:Exploring potential variants of psychopathy and their implication for risk assessment. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 8, 513-546.

49.

Skeem, J., & Mulvey, E. (2001). Psychopathy and community violence among civil psychiatric patients: results from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 358-374.

50.

Skeem, J., Johansson, P., Andershed, H., Kerr, M., & Louden, J. (2007). Two subtypes of psychopathic violent offenders that parallel primary and secondary variants. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 116, 395-409.

51.

Stevens, G. W., Deuling, J. K., & Armenakis, A.A. (2012). Successful Psychopaths: Are they unethical decision-makers and why? Journal of Business Ethics, 105, 139-149.

52.

Struch, N., & Schwartz, S. H. (1989). Intergroup aggression: Its predictors and distinctness from in-group bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 364-373.

53.

Suedfeld, P., & Landon, P. (1978). Approaches to treatment. In R. Hare, & D. Schalling (Eds.), Psychopathic behaviour: Approaches to research. London: Wiley.

54.

Tangney, J. P. (1991). Moral affect: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 598-607.

55.

Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Shame and guilt. New York: Guilford Press.

56.

Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotion and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345-372.

57.

Tyszka, T., & Zalesiewicz, T. (2012). The strength of emotions in moral judgment and decisionmaking under risk. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 43, 132-144.

58.

Vitale, J. E., Neuman, J. P., Bates, J. E., Goodnight, J., Dodge, K. A., & Petti, G. S.(2005). Deficient behavioral inhibition and anomalous selective attention in a community sample of adolescents with psychopathic traits and low-anxiety traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 461-470.

59.

Williams, K. M., Paulhus, D. L., & Hare, R. D.(2007). Capturing the four-factor structure of psychopathy in college students via self-report. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 205-219.

60.

Wink, P. (1991). Two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 590-597.

61.

Wong, S., & Hare, R. (2003). Program guidelines for the institutional treatment of violent psychopathic offenders. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.

62.

Youn, H. (2014). Study on unethical decision making of people with psychopathic tendency: Focused on moral emotion and moral disengagement (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

logo